Passive Voice & Active Voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

 Rumus Active Voice

S + V (kata kerja yang disesuaikan dengan tenses-nya) + O

Rumus Passive Voice
S + be + past participle + (by agent) 

Contoh Kalimat Aktif :

Tia hasn’t paid her electricity and water bills yet.
(Tia belum membayar tagihan listrik dan airnya.)

 Contoh Kalimat Pasif :

A glass Juice(O) was drunk(P) by Tia(S)

Segelas jus telah diminum oleh Tia

Ciri Kalimat

Active Voice

• Pada kalimat aktif subjek melakukan suatu tindakan yang langsung mengenai objeknya.
• Kalimat Aktif memiliki pola S-P-O-K atau S-P-K Predikat kalimat aktif selalu diawali dengan imbuhan Me- atau Ber–.
• kalimat aktif memerlukan objek, Setelah mendapat predikat subjek ditambah pelengkap atau keterangan.

Pasive Voice

• to be + V3  dan kata by (kata ini bukan merupakan syarat yang harus ada dalam kalimat pasif )
• Yang dapat dijadikan kalimat passive adalah Verbal Sentence (kalimat yang predikatnya kata kerja/V)
• Verbal sentence yang dapat dirubah ke Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat yang memiliki objek penderita.

SIMPLE PAS TENSE

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ V2+ O
2. Pasif: O+ was/were+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example : 

• A: Putri cut those fruits (Putri memotong buah-buahan itu)
• P: Those fruits were cut by Putri (Buah-Buahan itu dipotong oleh Putri)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ was/were+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ was/were+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S 
3.  
4.  
5. Example :
6. A: They were copying my files (Mereka sedang mengkopi file-fileku)
7. P: My files were being copied by them (File-Fileku sedang mereka kopi) 

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ had+ verb 3+ O
2. Pasif: O+ had+ been+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: He had touched my heart (Dia sudah menyentuh hatiku)
• P: My heart had been touched by him (Hatiku sudah disentuhnya) 

Past Perfect Continuous Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ had+ been+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ had+ been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: Tika had been playing the piano before you came (Tika sudah bermain piano itu sebelum kamu datang)
• P: The piano had been being played by Tika before you came (Piano itu sudah Tika mainkan sebelum kamu datang) 

Past Future Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ would+ verb 1+ O
2. Pasif: O+ would be+ verb 3+ by+ S 

Example :

• A: He would invite us (Dia akan mengundang kita)
• P: We would be invited by him (Kita akan diundang olehnya) 

Past Future Continuous Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ would+ be+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ would+ be+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: He would be reading the text (Dia akan sedang membaca teks itu)
• P: The text would be being read by him (Teks itu akan sedang ia baca) 

Past Future Perfect Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ would+ have+ verb 3+ O
2. Pasif: O+ would+ have been+ verb 3+ by+ S 

Example :

• A: Reza would have forwarded the email if he'd known (Reza akan sudah meneruskan email itu kalau dia sudah tahu)
• P: The email would have been forwarded by Reza if he'd known (Email itu akan sudah Reza teruskan kalau dia sudah tahu) 

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ would+ have been+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ would+ have been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: Mila would have been deleting your SMS if I didn't know (Mila akan sudah sedang menghapus SMSmu kalau aku tak tahu)
• P: Your SMS would have been being deleted by Mila if I didn't know (SMSmu akan sudah sedang Mila hapus kalau aku tak tahu) 

Simple Present Tense

1. Aktif: S+ verb 1/ verb 1-s/es+ O
2. Pasif: O+ am/is/are+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: She always washes my clothes (Dia selalu mencuci bajuku)
• P: My chlothes are always washed by her (Pakaianku selalu ia cuci) 

Present Continuous Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ Am/is/are+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ am/is/are+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: He is driving my car (Dia sedang mengemudikan mobilku)
• P: My car is being driven by him (Mobilku sedang ia kemudikan) 

Simple Future Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ will+ verb 1+ O
2. Pasif: O+ will+ be+ verb 3+ by+ S
3.  
4. Example :
5. A: He will hit you (Dia akan memukulimu)
6. P: You will be hit by him (Kamu akan dipukulinya) 

Future Continuous Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ will+ be+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ will+ be+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S

Example :

• A: They will be performing the show this evening (Mereka akan sedang menampilkan pertunjukan itu sore ini)
• P: The show will be being performed by them this evening (Pertunjukan itu akan sedang mereka tampilkan sore ini) 

Present Perfect Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ have/has+ verb 3+ O
2. Pasif: O+ have/has+ been+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: He has repaired my motorcycle (Dia sudah memperbaiki motorku)
• P: My motorcycle has been repaired by him (Motorku sudah diperbaikinya) 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ have/ has+ been+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ have/has+ been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S 

Example :

• A: Jarwo has been watching the TV- since 5 hours ago (Jarwo sudah sdng menonton TV itu sjk 5 jam lalu)
• P: The TV has been being watched by Jarwo- since 5 hours ago (TV itu sudah sdng ditonton Jarwo sejak 5 jam lalu)

Future Perfect Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ will+ have+ verb 3+ O
2. Pasif: O+ will+ have+ been+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: We will have paid our debts tomorrow (Kami akan sudah membayar utang kami besok)
• P: Our debts will have been paid by us tomorrow (Utang kami akan sudah kami bayar besok) 

Future Perfect Continuous Tense 

Rumus:

1. Aktif: S+ will+ have+ been+ (V1+ing)+ O
2. Pasif: O+ will+ have+ been+ being+ verb 3+ by+ S

 Example :

• A: They will have been rendering that video tomorrow (Mereka akan sudah sedang menata video itu besok)
• P: That video will have been being rendered by them tomorrow (Video itu akan sudah sedang mereka tata besok)

Sumber :
http://catexamindia.blogspot.co.id/2017/01/voice-active-voice-and-passive-voice.html
https://www.wordsmile.com/rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-past-continuous-tense
https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-active-voice
http://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/active-voice-dan-passive-voice-pengertian-rumus-ciri-pola-dan-contoh-kalimatnya-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

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