Affirmative Aggrement , Verb As Complement & Negative Agreement

Affirmative Aggrement

Kita  menggunakan kata "so" atau "too" ketika menunjukkan bahwa seseorang atau sesuatu melakukan hal yang sama dengan orang atau benda lain. Juga, konjungsi dan digunakan untuk menghindari pengulangan pernyataan afirmatif dan pernyataan sederhana yang mengandung seperti so atau too.  Namun semua  pernyataan itu bergantung pada kata so atau too.

Berikut  merupakan rumus formulanya :
- Ketika bentuk kata kerja digunakan dalam klausa utama, tensis yang sama harus digunakan dalam pernyataan sederhana berikut.   


example : 

She is smart and you are too.
She is smart and so are you.

- Ketika kata kerja majemuk  (auxiliary + verb)  digunakan dalam klausa utama, kata kerja bantu digunakan dalam pernyataan sederhana. Subjek dan kata kerja dari pernyataan sederhana juga harus setuju.
 
example : 
She should finish her homework and you should too.
She should finish her homework and so should you.

Mark has eaten all his dinner and Shirley has too.
Mark has eaten all his dinner and so has Shirley.

-  Ketika kata kerja lainnya (kecuali be) muncul tanpa tambahan dalam klausa utama, the auxiliary do, does, or did digunakan untuk pernyataan simple. Subjek dan karta kerja harus setuju dan tensis sama harus digunakan.


example : 

I walk to school and my friends do too.
I walk to school and so do my friends.

Other Example : 
 

Verb As Complement

Verbs Always Followed by an Infinitive

Some verbs are always followed by an infinitive. Following is a list of some of the most common.


example :
Jordan claims to be a relative of George Washington.
My parents expect to retire this year.
Don’t hesitate to throw the ball next time!
My little brother pretends to fight dangerous dragons.
Mary strives to receive straight A’s in school.

Verbs Always Followed by a Gerund

Some verbs are always followed by a gerund. Following is a list of the most common.

example :
The thief has admitted stealing the jewelry from the store.
You should delay travelling until the weather clears up.
Did Jack mention picking up the dry cleaning after work?
I don’t recall telling her that.
John suggested feeding the homeless on the weekends.

Adjective + Preposition Followed by a Gerund

The adjectives + prepositions in the box below are commonly followed by a gerund.


example :
Darrell is accustomed to going to the gym each day after class.
Both of my sisters are afraid of being alone in the dark.
You are capable of playing guitar much better.
Maggie is quite fond of eating chocolate.
The climbing team was intent on reaching the top of the mountain.
They were interested in seeing the test results.
Susie was successful in finding her hidden friends.
My dad is tired of working such long hours.

Noun + Preposition Followed by a Gerund

Certain nouns, when followed by certain prepositions, are always followed by a gerund. Consider the following samples in the chart below.


example :






He was given the choice of staying after school or being expelled.
Stacey had no intention of doing her homework.
Walter has developed a special method of cleaning clothes.
There was absolutely no reason for skipping class.
Our class considered the possibility of getting out early.

Whenever a preposition is followed directly by a verb, the verb will be in gerund form.

Molly felt very sick after eating at the new restaurant.
Before leaving the house, Mark had to feed the animals.

Adjectives Followed by an Infinitive

Following is a list of adjectives which can be immediately followed by an infinitive form of the verb.


example :
George was anxious to begin the project.
Monica was glad to discover she had passed the exam.
The children were hesitant to enter the haunted house.
Betty’s parents were relieved to learn that she wasn’t hurt in the accident.
I am willing to help with feeding the poor on the weekends.

NOTE: Able means the same as capable in most cases. However, able is always followed by a infinitive while capable is followed by of + gerund.

Shelly is able to play the violin much better than Andy.
Shelly is capable of playing the violin much better than Andy.

Pronouns before a Gerund or Infinitive

Sometimes, the infinitive is used as a complement after certain verbs. An indirect object pronoun is required before the infinitive in these sentences.


Verbs commonly followed by an infinitive which usually require an indirect object are listed in the chart below.



Jennifer begged them to take her to the movies too.
The teacher expected them to act differently.
Julie’s mother prepared her to compete in the talent show.
Terry wanted her to go to the dance with him.

However, when a noun or pronoun precedes a gerund, it must be in the possessive form in formal English. Informal English usually does not use the possessive form before a gerund.



example :

They resented his not telling the truth. FORMAL
They resented him not telling the truth. INFORMAL

Our neighbors complained about our playing loud music. FORMAL
Our neighbors complained about us playing loud music. INFORMAL

She couldn’t understand his not wanting to dance with her. FORMAL
She couldn’t understand him not wanting to dance with her. INFORMAL

The policeman didn’t like Michael’s arguing with him. FORMAL
The policeman didn’t like Michael arguing with him. INFORMAL

We resented the man’s telling us to leave the store. FORMAL
We resented the man telling us to leave the store. INFORMAL

Negative Agreement

Fungsi Either dan Neither pada pernyataan sederhana sama seperti "SO" dan "TOO" dalam kalimat affirmative. Namun Either dan Neither digunakan untuk mengindikasikan negative agreement. Aturan yang sama untuk kata bantu, be, do, does, atau did yang diterapkan.

 

source : https://gmatclub.com